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:: Volume 23, Issue 1 (7-2026) ::
QJFR 2026, 23(1): 107-126 Back to browse issues page
Psychometric Properties of the Sources of Parental Anxiety in Children’s Education Scale (SPACEs): A Comparative Study among Parents of Children with and without Specific Learning Disabilities
N. Mikaeili , B. Esmaeili Anamagh , H. Paknejad
Abstract:   (9 Views)
The objective of this research was to examine the psychometric properties of the SPACEs scale and compare its results among mothers and fathers of children with specific learning disabilities (SLD) versus those with typically developing children. This was a descriptive study. The statistical population included all parents of primary school children (ages 6-12) in Tabriz during the 2022-2023 academic year. A sample of 397 individuals was selected through multi-stage cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the SPACEs scale (Mei et al., 2023) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (1998). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported the four-factor model of the SPACEs scale. Convergent validity was confirmed via correlation with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (R=0.78). The total scale reliability was established via Cronbach’s alpha (0.72) and test-retest reliability (R=0.80). Internal correlations between items and subscales were significant (P<0.01). Furthermore, a significant difference was found in parental anxiety scores between parents of children with SLD and those with typically developing children (P<0.01). Results indicate the Persian version of the SPACEs scale is a reliable and valid tool. Parents of children with SLD, and mothers in general compared to fathers, experience higher levels of anxiety across the four educational sources.
 
Keywords: Specific learning disabilities (SLD), anxiety, sources of parental anxiety in children’s education (SPACEs)
Full-Text [PDF 545 kb]   (5 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2023/10/10 | Accepted: 2024/09/1 | Published: 2026/07/13
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Mikaeili N, Esmaeili Anamagh B, Paknejad H. Psychometric Properties of the Sources of Parental Anxiety in Children’s Education Scale (SPACEs): A Comparative Study among Parents of Children with and without Specific Learning Disabilities. QJFR 2026; 23 (1) :107-126
URL: http://qjfr.ir/article-1-2565-en.html


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Volume 23, Issue 1 (7-2026) Back to browse issues page
فصلنامه خانواده و پژوهش Quarterly Journal of Family and Research
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