The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of parental participation roles in online general education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is applied in terms of its objective and qualitative in terms of data collection, conducted using a meta-synthesis method. To achieve the research goal, a systematic search was carried out across a statistical population comprising all articles from databases such as Elsevier, ERIC, Springer, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. The study followed the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) and was based on the framework of the theory of participation in educational social organizations. To assess the validity and reliability of the meta-synthesis, the Critical Appraisal Skills Program was used. The findings showed that 24 selected sources met the acceptable quality criteria after evaluation. Data analysis was performed using coding methods. The results revealed six main categories of parental roles in online learning at home: organization, facilitation, monitoring and supervision, motivation, environmental development, and support for virtual learning strategies during the pandemic. Additionally, the results indicated that the framework of educational social organizations' participation has strong potential for understanding research on parental roles, although some aspects—such as support for virtual learning strategies—do not fully fit within the expected framework.