Social skills are among the most critical competencies an individual must acquire during childhood. Parental behavioral styles are closely linked to the development of these skills and the emergence of behavioral problems in children. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of cognitive-based parental behavior management in predicting children's social skills and behavioral problems. The research followed a descriptive, predictive correlational design. The participants included 194 primary school students (boys and girls) and their parents in Tehran, selected via convenience sampling. Children's social skills and behavioral problems were assessed using the Gresham and Elliott Social Skills Rating System (SSRS), while parental performance in managing children's behavior was measured through a researcher-developed Parental Behavior Management Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression analysis via SPSS version 22. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between cognitive parental behavior management and children's social skills, and a significant negative relationship with their behavioral problems. Furthermore, linear regression results indicated that 20% of the variance in children's social skills can be predicted by a cognitive approach to parental behavior management. Consequently, this study confirms the vital role of cognitive parental behavior management in fostering social skills and mitigating behavioral issues in children.