The present study aims to predict children's emotional regulation based on mothers' responses to their positive and negative emotions. The statistical population of the research consisted of all elementary school children in Torqabeh-Shandiz during the 2020–2021 academic year. Accordingly, 180 students aged 7 to 12 were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling, and their mothers responded to the Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale by Fabes et al. (1990), Parent’s Reactions to Children’s Positive Emotions by Ladouceur et al. (2002), and the Emotion Regulation Checklist by Shields & Cicchetti (1997). For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, simultaneous regression analysis, and SPSS version 22 software were used. The regression analysis results indicated that discomfort in response to positive emotions negatively predicts children's emotion regulation, while supportive reactions to negative emotions positively predict it. Furthermore, discomfort in response to positive emotions was the only predictor of instability/negativity in regression analysis. These findings can be utilized in designing interventions to improve parenting styles for children's emotional regulation and reduce instability/negativity.