This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of positive parenting training on general health and the mother–child relationship among female heads of household in Eqlid County. The research used a quasi-experimental design with pretest–posttest and a control group. The statistical population comprised all female heads of household under the support of the Eqlid Welfare Organization in 2023. A total of 40 mothers were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of positive parenting training. Data were collected using the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979) and the Parent–Child Relationship Scale (Pianta, 1992). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) revealed that positive parenting training significantly improved general health (F = 18.92) and the mother–child relationship (F = 12.26) in the experimental group (p < 0.001). These findings highlight the value of positive parenting as an educational approach for enhancing maternal well-being and strengthening the mother–child bond in female-headed households, offering practical implications for psychologists and counselors working with this population.